Anomaly and Norm

The Adaptability of Life Between Anatomy and Biology

1. Hallux Valgus of the Left Foot (Mummification and Skeleton)
2. Clubfoot (Mummification and Skeleton)
3. Rickets of the Lower Limbs

Hallux valgus of the left foot is a malformation where the big toe is deviated inward, causing pain and inflammation.

Clubfoot is characterised by an altered musculoskeletal structure that limits full contact of the foot with the ground.

Hallux valgus of the left foot and equinus foot are visible here both externally, through the tannization of their tissues, and internally, through the skeletal structure. This allows for a clear observation of the bony deformities and an understanding of how they appeared externally.

Rickets of the lower limbs, caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, leads to soft bones and malformations, while osteomalacia involves demineralisation of the bones, making them soft and fragile

19th Century
Museo Morgagni di Anatomia Umana, sezione di Anatomia Patologica – University of Padova

4. Female Right Bare Foot

Dating: uncertain (Roman era or Renaissance imitation?)
Mantova Benavides Collection
Museo di Scienze Archeologiche e d’Arte – University of Padova